Bibliography Background About KRIS
Fall Chinook Spawning Escapement Estimates
The California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) has estimated the number of spawning fall chinook salmon in the Scott River since 1978. A portion of migrating fall chinook were intercepted, counted and tagged at a weir from 1978 to 1991 and then carcass counts were conducted to estimate the annual population. The ratio of tagged to untagged fall chinook was used as an aid in estimation. Since 1992, more intensive redd and carcass counts have been conducted. Carcasses are marked in the field and a ratio of new and old carcasses is now the basis for population estimates. Redd counts are also conducted annually in the Scott Basin. The annual report issued by CDFG which purveys these results is the Klamath Basin Fall Chinook Spawner Escapement, In-river Harvest and Run Size Estimate (CDFG, 2003).
Fall Chinook Salmon Redd Distribution
The California Department of Fish and Game, with support from other agencies and volunteers, has conducted weekly fall chinook salmon redd counts in 15 reaches of the Scott River since 1993. Reaches average four miles in length and extend from the convergence with the Klamath upstream, through the lower Scott Valley, to Eller Lane. The reach just up from the convergence with the Klamath is Reach 1 with other reaches extending upstream. Although access to Reaches 11 and 12 has been restricted in some years, aerial surveys suggest that the number of spawners in these reaches is minimal.
Adult Coho Salmon Redd and Carcass Data from Dec. 2001-Jan. 2002
The U.S. Forest Service funded coho salmon adult carcass and redd surveys for the Scott River basin in December 2001 and January 2002, which resulted in a detailed field report (Mauer, 2002). The spawning survey covered over a dozen tributaries and included assistance from agencies, private companies, land owners, and Americorp Volunteers. Redds with coho on them were counted separately from those with fish. Both live and dead adult coho were counted as well as nests. Carcasses were marked by punching the operculum so that there were no double counts. See Mauer (2002) for a complete description of methods and findings or the Fish Population Background page for more on fish population assessment tools.
Scott River Downstream Migrant Trapping Data
The California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) has operated rotary screw traps in the Shasta River and Scott River from 2000-2002 (Chesney, 2000; 2002; Chesney and Yokel, 2003) as part of the Steelhead Research and Monitoring Program (S-RAMP). The trap location was at the Cabin Hole located 4.75 miles upstream of the mouth of the Scott River. Typically downstream migrant trap results can not be used to estimate population size because results may be substantially effected by changes in flow and other factors such as trap avoidance. The rotary screw traps run by S-RAMP were calibrated for efficiency so that estimates could be made of the total number of fish passing the trap. Trap efficiencies vary greatly between the Scott and Shasta because of their different widths and flows; consequently, confidence intervals are wider on Scott River samples..
Scott River Basin Climate Data
Rainfall and snowfall data for the Scott River Basin was downloaded for use from the California Data Exchange Center (CDEC) web site as text files and converted into Dbase IV for use in KRIS. Relative location maps are also downloaded and can be viewed as Pictures associated with climate Topics. Snowfall data is displayed for April to allow inter annual comparisons. Data collection in other months is too sporadic to allow for substantial comparison.
Spawning Gravel Quality
Fine sediment was measured by Dr. Sari Sommerstrom as part of the Scott River Basin Granitic Sediment Study (Sommerstron et al., 1990) using McNeil samples. A total of 238 McNeil samples from 11 Scott River main stem stations were analyzed along with 55 samples from 6 sites on Etna, French and Sugar Creeks. All particle sizes less than 6.4 mm were considered as fine sediment. Thresholds shown on fine sediment (<6.5 mm) graphs come from the EPA (1998) Garcia River TMDL and are shown only for reference.
Restoration Photo Points Provided by the Siskiyou Resource Conservation District
The Siskiyou Resource Conservation District covers the Scott River watershed and has sponsored grants and contracts for restoration from a number of sources. The RCD has provided photos for use in KRIS and has worked cooperatively to help assemble them into slide tours which show their accomplishments. Project funding has been provided by a number of sources including the California Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Klamath Task Force and Jobs in the Woods) and the California Wildlife Conservation Board.
Klamath River Basin Fishery Restoration Program Mid-Term Review
Kier Associates (1999) produced the Mid program Evaluation for the Klamath River Basin Fishery Restoration Program for the Klamath Task Force and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This project was in part focused on changes in habitat conditions since the inception of the Klamath Restoration Program in 1986 and also in the success of Program investments in restoration projects. Kier Associates did a field reconnaissance of the Scott River and other sub-basins in the spring and summer of 1997 to determine the effect of the January 1997 storm. For fuller discussion of habitat trends in the Scott Basin and the effectiveness of restoration, see Kier Associates (1999) and search on key words Scott River in Adobe Acrobat.
Fine Sediment Volume in Pools or V* Values for French Creek
The volume of fine sediment in pools relative to the total volume of water and fine sediment is known as V*. This monitoring technique was devised by the U.S. Forest Service Redwood Sciences Laboratory (RSL) in Arcata, California (Hilton and Lisle,1992). Fine sediment is known to decrease incubation success of salmon and steelhead eggs and larvae which are buried in stream bed gravel nests (see Sediment Background page). When there is an excess amount of fine sediment in transport in a stream, it will be deposited in pools. The V* technique uses a system of grids and a probe to quantify the fine sediment stored in each pool and is a very cost effective technique for quantifying sediment storage and supply. If erosion control work is being carried out in a watershed, V* can be used to see if there is a reduction in sediment over time. USFS Redwood Sciences Lab personnel collected the data from several Trinity River tributaries, including some in the South Fork Trinity basin, and all V* results from the Klamath-Trinity are in KRIS Version 3.0 (see table of sample locations).
Redwood Sciences Lab assisted the Klamath National Forest (KNF) Scott River Ranger District staff in collecting data on French Creek, a Scott River tributary, in 1992 through 1995 and also in 2001. These measurements provide provisional trend data suggesting decreasing sediment supply. The Scott CRMP, Siskiyou County, private land owners and the KNF have all cooperated in reducing sediment from roads in the the French Creek watershed and the data suggest that the strategy is working to the benefit of fish.
See the Redwood Sciences Lab website (http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/rsl) for more publications on sediment. Reference lines on V* charts in KRIS Version 3.0 are from the South Fork Trinity River and Hayfork Creek Sediment TMDL (U.S. EPA, 1998). That document had a target of 0.21 V* for west-side South Fork Trinity tributaries off South Fork Mountain, but a target of 0.10 V* for tributaries more in the interior.
Scott River Water Flow Data
Scott River water flow data used in
KRIS is taken from U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) records downloaded from the USGS
Internet site. The record is for average daily flows for the entire period of
record. The main Scott River USGS flow gauge is located at Jones Beach below the
Scott River Valley at the head of the gorge in the lower river. See Info Links
for Main Klamath flow data for a full explanation of terminology and USGS flow
methodology. Other flow records of shorter duration are available for various
Scott River tributaries. Below are metadata notes downloaded from the USGS Internet
site for the Scott River:
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
efscott1
Station name : EF SCOTT R BL HOUSTON C NR CALLAHAN CA
Station number: 11517900
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 412406
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1223908
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 19.70
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD)..................
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 08/30/1970-07/06/1973
efscott2
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : EF SCOTT R AB KANGAROO
C NR CALLAHAN CA
Station number: 11517950
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 412022
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1224307
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 49.50
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD)..................
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 09/01/1970-07/06/1973
efscott3
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : EF SCOTT R NR CALLAHAN
CA
Station number: 11518000
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 411918
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1224318
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 57.50
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD)..................
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 10/01/1910-09/30/1911
efscott4
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : EF SCOTT R NEAR CALLAHAN
CA
Station number: 11518050
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 411814
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1224632
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 110.00
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD)..................
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 10/01/1959-09/30/1974
scottr1
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : SCOTT R NR FORT JONES
CA
Station number: 11519500
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 413827
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1230050
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 653.00
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD).................. 2623.80
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 10/01/1941-//1951
scottr2
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : SCOTT R NR SCOTT
BAR CA
Station number: 11520000
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 414630
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1230200
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 804.00
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD)..................
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 10/01/1911-09/30/1913
sfscott1
US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DAILY MEAN DISCHARGE DATA
Station name : SF SCOTT R NR CALLAHAN
CA
Station number: 11518200
latitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)...... 411745
longitude (degrees, minutes, and seconds)..... 1224832
state code.................................... 06
county code................................... 093
hydrologic unit code.......................... 18010208
drainage area (square miles).................. 41.50
contributing drainage area (square miles).....
gage datum (feet above NGVD).................. 3270.00
WATSTORE parameter code....................... 00060
WATSTORE statistic code....................... 00003
Discharge is listed in the table in cubic feet per second.
----Date Range In File----
1 10/01/1958-09/30/1960
Scott River Basin Water Temperature Data
An extensive cooperative effort to collect water temperature data in the Scott River basin has been on-going since 1994. Entities involved in this cooperative effort include the U.S. Forest Service Scott River Ranger District, Siskiyou County Schools, Scott Valley High School, Etna High School, the Siskiyou Resource Conservation District, Fruit Grower Supply Company and Timber Products Incorporated. Data is collected through use of continuous recording devices known as Hobotemps which are set to read continuous temperatures several times daily during summer months. Typical settings are for 120 days which records water temperatures approximately every 1.5 hours. The devices are placed out of direct sunlight and in flowing water. As a precaution, water temperatures in the area proximate to where the probe is placed is measured with a hand held thermometer to avoid areas near springs or that are not representative of the reach. Pools are not measured because they may be stratified or subject to warming as a result of lack of water circulation at low flows. Much data in KRIS come from Danielle Quigley and the Siskiyou Resource Conservation District and Scott CRMP, which participated in KRIS through 319 H funding. See table for the locations of RCD temperature probes and dataset names from 1999-2000 records.
A water temperature database for the years 1997-2002 was contributed to KRIS by the Klamath National Forest Supervisors Office. The dataset covers Klamath National Forest landholdings in the Middle Klamath sub-basin, as well as the Scott River sub-basin. The original source database includes the 165 sites across the Klamath National Forest. The in KRIS database includes 68 sites in the Klamath basin, with 41 in Middle Klamath sub-basin tributaries, 12 in the mainstem Klamath River, and 15 in the Scott River sub-basin. An ArcView shapefile of monitoring locations is included in KRIS and descriptions of monitoring site locations can also be viewed as a table. The region-wide temperature data assimilation by the Institute for Forest and Watershed Management (IFWM) at Humboldt State University, formerly known as the Forest Science Project, aided data acquisition for Version 3.0 greatly. IFWM published an access database of stream temperature monitoring data for the northern California coast (Lewis et al., 2000).
Water temperature references used
in KRIS are based on Pacific Northwest wide literature on salmonids and temperature
(Armor, 1990; McCullough, 1999; Sullivan et al.,
2000; Welsh,
2001). See the KRIS
Temperature Background page for
more information.
KRIS Map Project Partially Integrated
into Version 3.0 Database
All KRIS database projects have companion ArcView projects for the geographic
area covered and selected themes are now included in KRIS Version 3.0, which
has a new built in KRIS Map Viewer. Nearly all map layers have a readily-accessible
companion metadata file that describes the map layer and provides contact information
for the source of that layer. If KRIS is installed on your computer's hard drive
and you are viewing maps using the KRIS Map Viewer (the map tab), you can view
metadata for a layer by clicking on a layer in the map legend to make it the
active layer and then clicking the "M" (metadata) button on the toolbar. If
you are browsing KRIS on the www.krisweb.com Internet site, or viewing the
web pages included on the KRIS CD-ROMs, you can view map metadata by clicking
on a metadata link at the link at the bottom of a map page.
The Scott River KRIS Map project relies heavily on base layers provided by Humboldt State University. No new data were added to the Scott KRIS Map project for Version 3.0 because of budget limitations, but selected themes were added to the KRIS database to demonstrate the new KRIS Map Viewer and its utility for sharing Scott River watershed spatial data. Data are acquired from various sources and re-projected, easily understood legends crafted and metadata compiled by Dr. Paul Trichilo of the KRIS project. Data are arranged for ease of use in subsequent watershed studies. Vegetation data were derived from Landsat satellite images by the U.S. Forest Service Spatial Analysis Lab. To learn more about vegetation and timber types, see the Vegetation Type Background page.
Photos of the Klamath Basin by Michael Hentz
Naturalist Michael Hentz has photographed
the Klamath River and its watershed as a vocation and as a passion. His photos
of the Klamath River watershed for the World Wildlife Fund serve to document riverine
and upland conditions in this area recognized globally for its biodiversity. Hentz
also boated down the Klamath River from its headwater tributary, the Sprague River,
through Upper Klamath Lake, through several reservoirs and down the river to the
ocean. Michael donated the use of his photos for KRIS Version 3.0 but requests
credit for any use outside KRIS.
Note about documents in KRIS
